University of Connecticut - CT IPM Fruit Pages: https://ipm.cahnr.uconn.edu/fruit/
University of Maine - UMaine Extension Small Fruits Page: https://extension.umaine.edu/agriculture/small-fruits/
University of Massachusetts - UMass Fruit Advisor Page: https://ag.umass.edu/fruit
University of New Hampshire - Fruit & Vegetable Production Page: https://extension.unh.edu/programs/fruit-vegetable-crops
University of Rhode Island - URI Plant Protection Clinic: http://web.uri.edu/ceoc/plantclinic/, Rhode Island Fruit IPM page: http://web.uri.edu/ipm/
University of Vermont - Vermont Vegetable and Berry Grower Pages: https://www.uvm.edu/vtvegandberry/
Cornell Berries Page - for a wide range of excellent information and resources at: https://blogs.cornell.edu/berries/
Cornell Berry Diagnostic Tool - https://blogs.cornell.edu/berrytool/
Cornell Berry Soil and Nutrient Management; A Guide for Educators and Growers (2016) - https://blogs.cornell.edu/berries/productions/berry-soil-and-nutrient-management-a-guide-for-educators-and-growers/
Cornell Berry Webinar Series - eighteen archived webinars on all aspects of small fruit production. Go to https://blogs.cornell.edu/berries/ipm/berry-webinars/.
Cornell Nursery Guide for Berry and Small Fruit Crops - for locating nurseries that sell specific cultivars of berry crops; https://blogs.cornell.edu/berrynurseries/.
Cornell Pest Management Guidelines for Berry Crops - $28 https://cropandpestguides.cce.cornell.edu
Managing Cover Crops Profitably, 3rd Edition - 2007. An excellent resource on all aspects of using a wide variety of cover crops. https://www.sare.org/publications/covercrops/covercrops.pdf
Midwest Fruit Pest Management Guide - 2023-2024. The Midwest Fruit Workers Group. https://ag.purdue.edu/department/hla/extension/sfg-sprayguide.html
Northwest Berry Foundation 'Small Fruit Update' - https://nwberryfoundation.org/the-small-fruit-update
Ontario Diseases, Pests, and Beneficial Organisms of Strawberry, Raspberry, and Blueberry Guide - www.apsnet.org/apsstore/shopapspress/pages/02301.aspx (2013) - Available from APS Press. $59.
Oregon State University Berries, Table Grapes & Kiwifruit page - https://extension.oregonstate.edu/crop-production/berries
TunnelBerries Project - a collaboration among 10 Universities, USDA and others to advance knowledge about berry production in tunnels; outreach now archived at: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLujqQ1oVtGFL-vhDZsXOtg/featured
Weeds of the Northeast. 1997. R. H. Uva, J. C. Neal, and J. M. DiTomaso. Cornell University Resource Center, 7 Cornell Business & Tech. Park, Ithaca NY 14850. 607-255-2080. 397 pp. $29.95 https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9780801483349/weeds-of-the-northeast/#bookTabs=1
Cornell Berry Budgets - Production budgets designed to help estimate production costs and returns; https://blogs.cornell.edu/berries/productions/berry-budgets/
Penn State Enterprise & Production Budgets - Information about using enterprise budgets: https://extension.psu.edu/budgeting-for-agricultural-decision-making
Growing Strawberries in Wisconsin - https://barron.extension.wisc.edu/files/2023/02/Growing-Strawberries-in-Wisconsin.pdf
High Tunnel Strawberry Production: - 2019. Maughan et al. Utah State University Cooperative Extension: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3056&context=extension_curall
Midwest Strawberry Production Guide - 2006. M. A. Ellis et al. The Ohio State University Extension. https://extensionpubs.osu.edu/midwest-strawberry-production-guide-pdf/.
Ontario Strawberry Crop IPM - This is an excellent site for guidance on IPM practices in strawberry crop management. www.omafra.gov.on.ca/IPM/english/strawberries/index.html
Season-Long Strawberry Production with Everbearers for Northeastern Producers- 2010. W. Lantz, H. Swartz, K. Demchak and S. Frick. Available online at http://www.sare.org/Learning-Center/SARE-Project-Products/Northeast-SARE-Project-Products/Season-Long-Strawberry-Production-with-Everbearers-for-Northeastern-Producers.
Low Tunnel Strawberry Production Guide - 2018. K. Orde, B. Sideman, M. Prittsand K. Demchak. University of New Hampshire Cooperative Extension Publication. https://extension.unh.edu/resources/files/Resource007429_Rep10703.pdf
Mitcham, E. (2014). Strawberry. In USDA Handbook 66: The Commercial Storage of Fruits, Vegetables, and Florist and Nursery Stocks. USDA ARS. p. 559-560. https://www.ars.usda.gov/
Nunes, M. C. N., Brecht, J. K., Morais, A. M. M. B., & Sargent, S. A. (1995). Physical and chemical quality characteristics of strawberries after storage are reduced by a short delay to cooling. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 6(1), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-
Nunes, M. C. N., Brecht, J. K., Sargent, S. A., & Morais, A. M. M. B. (1995). Effects of delays to cooling and wrapping on strawberry quality (cv. Sweet Charlie). Food Control, 6(6), 323–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-
Boyette, M., Wilson, L. G., & Estes, E. (2017). Postharvest Cooling and Handling of Strawberries (No. AG-413-02). NC State Extension. Retrieved from https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/
Compendium of Blueberry, Cranberry and Lingonberry Diseases. 2017. J. J. Polashock, F. L. Caruso, A. L. Averill and A. C. Schilder, editors. American Phytopathological Society. St. Paul. MN. 231 pp. $149. www.apsnet.org/apsstore/shopapspress/Pages/45362.aspx
Highbush Blueberry Production Guide. 1992. Marvin Pritts and James Hancock, eds. Plant and Life Sciences Publishing (formerly NRAES). 200 pages (168 color photos) $42. Order or download low resolution copy at: https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/66931
Perkins-Veazie, P. (2014). Blueberry. In USDA Handbook 66: The Commercial Storage of Fruits, Vegetables, and Florist and Nursery Stocks. USDA ARS. p. 559-560. Retrieved from https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/oc/np/CommercialStorage/CommercialStorage.pdf#page=250
Kozos, K., Ochmian, I., & Chełpiński, P. (2015). The effects of rapid chilling and storage conditions on the quality of Brigitta Blue cultivar highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). Folia Horticulturae, 26(2), 147–153. https://doi.org/10.1515/fhort-2015-0006
Jackson, E. D., Sanford, K. A., Lawrence, R. A., McRae, K. B., & Stark, R. (1999). Lowbush blueberry quality changes in response to prepacking delays and holding temperatures. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 15(2), 117–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5214(98)00075-1
Brambles-Production, Management and Marketing 1999. R. C. Funt, M. A. Ellis, and C. Welty, eds. The Ohio State University Cooperative Extension Publications, 2021 Coffey Rd., Rm. 216, Columbus Ohio 43210-1044, 614-292-1607. $18.25 https://extensionpubs.osu.edu/brambles-production-management-and-marketing/
Compendium of Raspberry and Blackberry Diseases and Insects. 1991. Michael A. Ellis, Richard H. Converse, Roger N. Williams and Brian Williamson, eds. American Phytopathological Society. St. Paul MN. 100 pp. $69 1-800-328-7560. https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/9780890545720
Growing Raspberries in Wisconsin – http://learningstore.uwex.edu/Assets/pdfs/A1610.pdf
Raspberry and Blackberry Production Guide for the Northeast, Midwest and Eastern Canada. 2008. L. Bushway, M. Pritts and D. Handley, eds. Plant and Life Sciences Publishing (formerly NRAES). 157 pages (134 color photos) $37. Order or download low resolution copy at: https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/66930
Perkins-Veazie, P. (2014). Blueberry. In USDA Handbook 66: The Commercial Storage of Fruits, Vegetables, and Florist and Nursery Stocks. USDA ARS. p. 530-532. Retrieved from https://www.ars.usda.gov/
Perkins-Veazie, P., & Fernandez, G. (2013). Postharvest Handling and Storage of Blackberries and Raspberries. North Carolina State University.https://rubus.ces.ncsu.edu/
Pritts, M. (2013). Raspberries and Related Fruit. Cornell University. http://www.plantgrower.org/uploads/6/5/5/4/65545169/rasprelfru.pdf
Samtani, J., & Kushad, M. (2015). A Longer Marketing Life for Blackberry and Raspberry Fruit. Virginia Cooperative Extension.http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/
Compendium of Grape Diseases, 2015. http://my.apsnet.org/ItemDetail?iProductCode=44792. Wayne Wilcox, D. Gubler, and J. K. Uyemoto, editors. American Phytopathological Society. St. Paul, MN. 232 pp. $119.
Effective Vineyard Spraying - A Practical Guide for Growers (2nd Edition). 2017. Andrew Landers. $60. https://effectivespraying.com/?page_id=339
Growing Grapes in Wisconsin – http://learningstore.uwex.edu/assets/pdfs/A1656.pdf
New York and Pennsylvania Pest Management Recommendations for Grapes. Publications Distribution Center, The PennState Univ., 112 Ag. Admin. Bldg., University Park, PA 16802. 814-865-6713. https://www.cornellstore.com/2023-PMEP-Guide-for-NY-and-PA-Grape-Mgmt-2?location=&quantity=1&size=85
Northern Grapes Project - This is an excellent compilation of resources for growing grapes in colder climates. http://northerngrapesproject.org
Ontario Grape Crop IPM - http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/IPM/english/grapes/index.html
Table Grape Varieties for Cool Climates. 1993. Bruce Reisch, et al., Cornell Cooperative Extension, Finger Lakes Grape Program, 110 Court St., Penn Yan NY 14527. $4.75. http://www.hort.cornell.edu/reisch/grapegenetics/bulletin/table/tableindex2.html
VineSmith Vineyard Spray Guides - $64 Order at: http://www.vinesmith.com/spray-guides/
Wine and Juice Grape Varieties for Cool Climates. 1993. Bruce Reisch, et al., Cornell Cooperative Extension, Finger Lakes Grape Program, 110 Court St., Penn Yan NY 14527. $4.75. https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/3558/Wine%20and%20Juice%20Grape%20Varieties%20for%20Cool%20Climates.pdf?sequence=2
Wine Grape Production Guide for Eastern North America (2008) - Tony Wolf, et al. Order at: https://www.cornellstore.com/PALS-Wine-Grape-Production-Guide-NRAES-145
Currants and Gooseberries Culture Guide, 1997. Monique Audette and Michel Lareau, CPVQ, 845 rue Marie-Vicorin, Saint-Nicholas Quebec, Canada. G7A 3S8 (418)831-7474. $10
Currants, Gooseberries and Jostaberries, A Guide for Growers, Marketers, and Researchers in North America, 2005. Daniel Barney and Kim Hummer, Haworth Press. $34.95.
Growing Currants, Gooseberries, & Elderberries in Wisconsin - learningstore.uwex.edu/assets/pdfs/A1960.PDF
Growing and Marketing Elderberries in Missouri, 2012. P. Beyers et al. University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry. www.sare.org/Learning-Center/SARE-Project-Products/North-Central-SARE-Project-Products/Growing-and-Marketing-Elderberries-in-Missouri
The Lingonberry: a versatile Wild Cranberry, 1996. Richard St. Pierre. Dept. of Hort Science, Univ. of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Canada.
Lingonberry Production Guide for the Pacific Northwest, 2006. R. Penhallegon. Oregon State University. catalog.extension.oregonstate.edu/pnw583
Growing Kiwiberries in New England: An online guide for regional producers. 2021. I. Hale, University of New Hampshire. https://www.noreastkiwiberries.com/
Uncommon Fruits Worthy of Attention. 1991. Lee Reich. Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., Inc. $10.
Strawberry -
ATTRA Organic Strawberry Production Guide - https://attra.ncat.org/publication/strawberries-organic-production/
Cornell 2022 Organic Production and IPM Guide for Strawberries - https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/42890.3
Blueberry -
ATTRA Organic Blueberry Production Guide - https://attra.ncat.org/publication/blueberries-organic-production/
Cornell 2022 Organic Production and IPM Guide for Blueberries - https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/42887.3
Raspberry/Blackberry -
ATTRA Organic Bramble Production Guide - https://attra.ncat.org/publication/brambles-organic-production/
Cornell 2022 Organic Production and IPM Guide for Raspberries & Blacberries - https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/42889.3
Grape-
ATTRA Organic Grape Production Guide - https://attra.ncat.org/publication/grapes-organic-production/
Cornell 2016 Organic Production and IPM Guide for Grapes - https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/42888.3
Ohio Organic Small Fruit Disease Mgt Guidelines - https://u.osu.edu/fruitpathology/organic-small-fruit-disease-management-guidelines-2/
Beneficial Insectary
9664 Tanqueray Ct.
Redding, CA 96003
Phone: (530) 226-6300/(800) 477-3715
Fax: (530)226-6310/(888) 472-0708
Email: info@insectary.com
Web site: www.insectary.com
Biobest Biological Systems
P.O. Box 506
McFarland, CA 93250
Phone: (855) 224-6237
Fax: (661) 792-6880
Email: info@biobest-use.com
Web site: www.biobestgroup.com
Biocontrol Network
5116 Williamsburg Rd.
Brentwood, TN 37027
(800)441-2847
Website: http://www.biconet.com
IPM Laboratories, Inc.
980 Main Street
Locke, New York 13092
Phone: (315) 497-2063
FAX: (315) 497-3129
Email: ipminfo@ipmlabs.com
Website: www.ipmlabs.com
Koppert Biological Systems
28465 Beverly Road
Romulus, MI 48174
(734) 641-3763
e-mail: info@koppertonline.com
www.koppertonline.com
Rincon-Vitova Insectaries, Inc.
P.O. Box 1555
Ventura, CA 93002
Phone: (805) 643-5407/(800) 248-2847
Fax: (805) 643-6267
Email: bugnet@rinconvitova.com
Website: www.rinconvitova.com
Great Lakes IPM
10220 Church St., NE
Vestaburg, MI 48891
(517)268-5693
http://www.greatlakesipm.com/
Gempler’s, Inc
211 Blue Mounds Rd., P.O. Box 270
Mr. Horeb, WI 53572
(800)332-6744
http://www.gemplers.com/
IPM Laboratories, Inc.
980 Main Street
Locke, New York 13092
Phone: (315) 497-2063
FAX: (315) 497-3129
Email: ipminfo@ipmlabs.com
Website: www.ipmlabs.com
Trece, Inc.
7569 Highway 28 West
P.O. Box 129
Adair, OK 74330
(866)785-1313
https://www.trece.com/
Orchard Equipment and Supply Co. (OESCO) (for hand tools, sprayer equipment and replacement supplies, respirators and personal protection equipment, and other farm supplies)
P.O. Box 540. Rte. 116
Conway, MA 01341
(800)634-5557
https://www.oescoinc.com/
BioQuip Products (for aspirators, sweep nets, beating sheets, vials, magnifiers, and other collection supplies)
17803 LaSalle Avenue
Gardena, CA 90248
(310)324-0620
http://www.bioquip.com/default.asp
Forestry Suppliers, Inc. (for magnifiers, optivisors, tally counters, and other field supplies)
P.O. Box 8397
Jackson, MI 39284
(800)752-8460
http://www.forestry-suppliers.com/
Bird-X, Inc. (scare devices, balloons, reflective tape, netting)
300 N. Elizabeth St.
Chicago, IL 60607
(800)860-0473
http://www.bird-x.com
Brookdale Irrigation Supplies (drip irrigation supplies and design)
Trevor Hardy
41 Broad St.
Hollis, NH, 03049
(603)465-2240 x 3
tractortrv@aol.com
www.brookdalefruitfarm.com/irrigation/
Belle Terre Irrigation (drip irrigation supplies and design)
8142 Champlin Rd.
Sodus, NY 14551
(866)478-3747
http://www.dripsupply.com/
Charles W. Harris Co., Inc (drip irrigation supplies and design)
72 Tower Hill Rd.
Brimfield, MA 01010
(413)668-5006
jbpeeler@tmlp.com
Crown Bees
13410 NE 177th Place
Woodinville, WA, 98072
425-949-7954
email: info@crownbees.com
Website: https://crownbees.com/
Koppert Biological Systems, Inc.
8465 Beverly Road
Romulus, MI 48174-2497
(734) 641-3763
http://www.koppertonline.com
Entomo-Logic, Inc.
21323 232nd St. SE
Monroe, WA 98272-8982
(425) 280-0423
http://www.entomologic.com
International Pollination Systems USA
16645 Plum Rd.
Caldwell, ID 83605
208-990-1390
http://www.pollination.com/
TO CONVERT FROM | TO | MULTIPLY BY |
---|---|---|
lb/A | lb/100 sq ft | 0.0023 |
tn/A | lb/100sq ft | 4.6 |
lb/A | kg/ha | 1.12 |
kg/ha | lb/A | 0.893 |
lb | oz | 16 |
qt of fruit | lb of fruit | 1.5 |
qt | pt | 2.0 |
pt | qt | 0.5 |
pt | cup | 2.0 |
gal of liquid | lb of liquid | 8.3 |
STRAWBERRIES | ||
lb/A | lb/100 ft of row | 0.008 |
yield in lb/100 ft of row | lb/A | 125 |
yield in qt/100 ft of row | b/A | 188 |
RASPBERRIES | ||
lb/A | lb/100 ft of row | .0184 |
lb/A | oz/plant | 0.009 |
yield in lb/100 ft of row | lb/A | 55 |
yield in pt/100 of row | lb/A | 73 |
BLUEBERRIES | ||
lb/A | oz/plant | 0.015 |
yield in lb/100 ft of row | lb/A | 44 |
yield in qt/100 ft of row | lb/A | 58 |
CURRANTS AND GOOSEBERRIES | ||
lb/A | oz/plant | 0.012 |
lb/A | lb/100 ft. of row | 0.0184 |
Yield in lb/100 ft of row | lb/A | 55 |
Yield in pt/10 ft of row | lb/A | 73 |
Formulation | 100 gallonsa | 5 gallons | 3 gallons | 1 gallon |
---|---|---|---|---|
Wettable Powder | 5 lbs | 4 oz. (113 g) | 2.4 oz. (68 g) | 0.8 oz. (23 g) |
4 lbs | 3.2 oz. (90 g) | 1.9 oz. (54 g) | 0.6 oz. (20 g) | |
3 lbs | 2.4 oz. (68 g) | 1.4 oz. (41 g) | 0.5 oz. (14 g) | |
2 lbs | 1.6 oz. (45 g) | 1.0 oz. (27 g) | 0.3 oz. (10 g) | |
1 lbs | 0.8 oz. (23 g) | 0.5 oz. (14 g) | 0.2 oz. (5 g) | |
0.5 lb | 0.4 oz. (11 g) | 0.25 oz (7 g) | 0.1 oz. (2 g) | |
Emulsifiable Concentrate | 5 gallons | 1 quart | 1.25 pint | 13 tablespoons |
4 gallons | 1.5 pint | 1 pint | 10 tablespoons | |
3 gallons | 1.25 pint | 0.75 pint (1.5 cup) | 8 tablespoons (0.5 cup) | |
2 gallons | 0.75 pint (1.5 cup) | 0.5 pint (1 cup) | 5 tablespoons | |
1 gallon | 0.5 pint (1 cup) | 8 tablespoons (0.5 cup) | 3 tablespoons | |
1 quart | 3 tablespoons | 2 tablespoons | 2 teaspoons | |
1 pint |
5 teaspoons
|
1 tablespoon | 1 teaspoon | |
a If label specifies 5 pounds of a WP per 100 gallons of spray solution, read across the chart to determine amount required smaller spray volumes. |
The number of tablespoons per ounce or gram, or cups per pound, of dry materials varies greatly from product to product. Some materials are light and fluffy, others compact and heavy. In general, there are 2-6 level tablespoons per ounce of these dry materials. When measuring a material that you will use again, it can be helpful to weigh out the amount needed and place it in a convenient container that can be easily marked.
This information is offered only as a general guide, and does not apply to pesticidal efficacy of mixtures. Read the label for specific crops or situations. Compatibilities indicated may be changed by certain adjuvants, different formulations, combinations of more than 2 materials, and environmental factors such as temperature and humidity.
When mixing spray materials, always mix in the following order, starting with:
Do not add oils, surfactants, or emulsifiable concentrates prior to dry formulations, or lumping may occur.
Hang garments outdoors to air.
Use one of three methods:
Use heavy-duty liquid detergent.
Wash garments separate from family wash.
Wash garments contaminated with the same pesticide together.
Wash only a few garments at once.
Use full water level.
Use hot water, 140 ̊F or higher.
Use regular 12-minute wash cycle.
Use a heavy-duty detergent.
Use amount recommended on package or more for heavy soil or hard water.
Use a full warm rinse.
Line drying is preferable, to avoid contaminating dryer.
Run complete, but empty, cycle.
Use hot water and detergent.
Rewash contaminated garments two or three times before reuse for more complete pesticide removal.
Remove contaminated clothing before entering enclosed tractor cabs.
Remove contaminated clothing outdoors or in an entry. If a granular pesticide was used, shake clothing outdoors. Empty pockets and cuffs.
Save clothing worn while handling pesticides for that use only. Keep separate from other clothing before, during, and after laundering.
Wash contaminated clothing after each use. When applying pesticides daily, wash clothing daily.
Never use the “sudsaver” feature on your machine when laundering pesticide-soiled clothes.
Clean gloves, aprons, boots, rigid hats, respirators, and eyewear by scrubbing with detergent and warm water.
Rinse thoroughly and hang in a clean area to dry.
Take these precautions when handling contaminated clothing: