Table 35. Highbush blueberry pest management table†.
| Pest |
RAC |
Spray Material, Rate/A (pre harvest interval PHI) |
Cultural Practices and Scouting Notes |
Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dormant and Delayed Dormant | ||||
| Scale insects |
Superior oil, 2-2.5% (0)
JMS Stylet Oil, 3-6 qt/100 (0) SuffOil-X, 1-2% by volume(0)
|
Prune out old, weakened canes.
|
Apply oil during dormancy using 250-300 gallons of spray (300-400 psi) per acre to ensure thorough coverage and when no danger of freezing temperatures within 24 hours.
|
|
| Winter moth |
IRAC
18
5
7C
5
1B
|
Superior oil, 2-2.5% (0) Or Confirm 2F, 16 oz (14) |
Where winter moths are numerous, insecticide should be applied when eggs are hatching. If population not at outbreak levels (not defoliating trees) but still present, apply insecticide after caterpillars observed but before bloom. | |
|
Mummyberry
|
|
|
Bury over-wintering mummies by cultivation or applying 3-4" mulch before mushroom cups (apothecia) appear.
'Burlington', 'Collins', 'Jersey', 'Darrow', 'Rubel', and 'Bluetta' appear somewhat resistant; 'Earliblue' and 'Blueray' appear more susceptible to mummyberry.
|
|
|
Fusicoccom canker
Phomopsis twig blight
|
FRAC
M01
M01
M01
M01
3 3, 11
M03 M01 M01
M01
M02
|
Badge SC, 1-4 pts (0)
Cuprofix Ultra, 2-4 lb (0) Kocide 2000, 2.4 lb (0)
Kocide 3000, 1-2.25 lb (0)
Quash, 2.5 oz (7) Quilt Xcel, 14-21fl oz (30)
Ziram 76DF, 3 lb Badge X2, 1-4 lb
Kocide 2000-O, 2-4 lb (0)
Kocide 3000-O 1-2.25 lb (0)
Miller Lime Sulfur, 5-6 gal (0)
|
Prune out and destroy affected canes.
'Weymouth', 'Berkeley', and 'Earliblue' are very susceptible to Fusicoccum.
|
Use Lime Sulfur only once in Spring. May be used again in autumn where Phomopsis is a problem.
Do not use Lime Sulfur within 14 days of an oil spray or when temperatures are above 75˚F.
Apply Ziram at loose bud scale stage and 7 days later. Do not apply later than 3 weeks after full bloom.
|
|
Avoid practices such as late season fertilization that makes bushes more vulnerable to winter injury. Winter-injured bushes are more susceptible to Phomopsis and Fusicoccum infections.
|
||||
|
Phytophthora root rot
|
FRAC
P07
P07
P07
P07 49, 4
4 BM02 |
Aliette WDG, 5 lb (0.5)
pHorcePhite, 2-4 qt (0) Phostrol, 2.5-5 pt (0) ProPhyt, 4 pt (0) Orondis Gold, 20-55 fl oz
Ridomil Gold SL (45) New Plantings, 1.8-3.6 pt broadcast at or before time of planting (repeat once) Established Plantings, 1/4 pt/1000 ft of row, (repeat once) RootShield Plus WP (0)
|
Ridomil Gold: Apply only as an emergency use, not as a routine or preventative treatment.
Apply in spring before growth begins in established plantings. In new plantings, apply at or just after planting. In new plantings, do not exceed 3.6 gallons/A within 12 months of harvest or illegal residues may result. Aliette: Apply as a 5 ft. band. Do not tank mix Aliette with copper compounds or apply to foliage with copper residues or phytotoxicity may occur.
Phostrol: Begin foliar sprays at pink bud stage, and continue on a 14-21 day interval.
RootShield: In furrow spray or transplant starter: 16-32 oz/acre. Cutting or barerooted transplant dip: 6 oz/20 gal water |
|
| Bud-break (aka Bud Swell, Green tip) through pre-bloom | ||||
|
Gypsy moth (spongy moth)
Winter moth |
IRAC
3A, UN
18 11 11 UN UN
UN
11
|
Insecticides listed at dormant plus:
Azera, 1-3.5 pt (0)
Confirm 2F, 4-8 oz (14) Deliver, 0.25 - 1.5 lb (0) Dipel DF, 0.5-2 lb (0) Grandevo DF, 1-3 lb (0) Molt-X, 8-10 oz (0)
Venerate XC, 1-8 qt (0)
XenTari, 0.5-2 lb (0) |
|
Confirm and Intrepid are most effective against young larval stages.
Use Grandevo when pest populations are low and/or in young growth stage. |
|
Blueberry blossom weevil,
Cranberry weevil |
IRAC
3
|
*Asana XL, 4.8-9.6oz (14)
|
Disking between rows and raking/hoeing under plants helpful.
|
Eradication of wild blueberries in the vicinity of the blueberry planting is advised.
|
|
Mummy berry
|
FRAC
BM02
11 M5
M04
M04
17,M04
3,9
3
BM02 7,9
29
M05
3
7, 11
3
3
3
3, 11
9,12
BM02
BM02
BM02
19
P05
BM02 |
Actinovate AG, 3-12 oz (0)
Abound F, 6.0-15.5 oz (0) Bravo 720SC, 3-4 lb (42) Captan 80 WDG, 1.25-3.12 lb (0)
Captec 4L, 0.75-1 qt (0) Captevate 68 WDG, 4.7 lb (0)
Inspire Super, 14-20 fl oz (7)
Indar 2F, 6 fl oz (30)
LifeGard LC, 1 gal/100 gal (0) Luna Tranquility, 16-27 oz (0)
Omega 500F, 20 fl oz (30)
Oranil 6L, 3-4 pt (42)
Orbit or Tilt, 6 oz (30) Pristine WG, 18.5-23 oz (0) Proline 480 SC, 5.7 oz (7)
PropiMax EC, 6 oz (30)
Quash, 2.5 fl oz (7) Quilt Xcel, 14-21 fl oz (30)
Switch, 11-14 oz (0)
BotryStop, 2-4 lb (0)
Double Nickel 55, 0.25-3 lb (0)
Double Nickel LC, 0.5-6 qt (0) Oso 5% SC, 6.5-13 fl oz (0)
Regalia, 1-4 qt (0)
Serenade Max, 1-3 lb (0) |
Before mummy cups appear (mid-March), disk between rows and rake, sweep, and hoe under plants or cover with 3-4” of mulch.
As first mummy cups appear, apply 200 lbs of 50% Urea prills. Cultivation and Urea are most effective when both are used. |
Abound should be used with extreme caution to avoid phytotoxicity to apples. See label for further information.
Use of propiconazole for mummy berry control has been associated with an increase in Botrytis severity.
Tank mix Regalia with other registered fungicides.
Double Nickel and Oranil for mummy berry suppression only.
Be aware of pre-harvest interval restrictions for Omega and Oranil.
Do not use a silicone surfactant or penetrant adjuvant with BotryStop. Regalia: 1-4qt (chemigation); 0.5-4qt (foliar or ground application). See label for additional application methodes.
|
| Early to mid-bloom | ||||
| Gypsy moth (spongy moth) Winter moth |
IRAC
11
11
11 |
Deliver, 0.25 - 2 lb (0)
Dipel DF, 0.5-2 lb (0) XenTari, 0.5-1.5 lb (0) |
||
|
Mummy berry
|
|
Same as bud-break through pre-bloom
|
Scout field for mummyberry strikes to determine risk level for secondary infections.
|
Fungicide applications are especially important following frost/freeze events during bloom.
|
| Botrytis blossom and twig blight |
FRAC
M04
17,M04
7,9
7,12
29
3
9,12
M03
BM02
BM02 BM01
BM02
BM02
BM02
UN
BM02
|
Captan 50WP, 5 lb (0)
CaptEvate 68WDG, 3.5-4.7 lb (0)
Luna Tranquility, 16-27 oz (1)
Miravis Prime, 11.4-13.4 fl oz (0)
Omega 500F, 20 fl oz (30)
Quash, 2.5 fl oz (7)
Switch Max, 1-3 lb (0)
Ziram 76DF, 3 lb (-)
Actinovate AG, 3-12 oz (0)
Botrystop, 2-4lb (0)
EcoSwing, 1.5-2 pt (0)
Double Nickel 55, 0.25-3 lb (0)
Double Nickel LC, 0.5-6 qt (0)
LifeGard WG, 4.5oz/100 gal (0)
Oxidate 2.0, 1:200-1:400 preventative; 1:100 curative (0)
Serenade Max, 1-3 lb (0)
|
Avoid high rates of nitrogen fertilizer which tends to promote growth that is more susceptible to infection. |
Do not use a silicone surfactant or penetrant adjuvant with BotryStop. When applying EcoSwing, use minimum of 10ga of water/A for ground applications. See label for addition application methods and site. 4hr REI. Do not apply Ziram 76DF later than 3 weeks after full bloom. 48hr REI. |
|
Anthracnose
Phomopsis twig blight
|
FRAC
11
M4
17, M4
17 29
M5
P07 7, 11
3
7, 12
11, 3
3
3, 11
NC 9, 12
M03
NC
M01
BM02 BM02 19
BM02 |
Abound, 6-15.5 fl oz (0)
Captan 50WP, 5 lb (0) Captevate 68 WDG, 3.5-4.7 lb (0)
Elevate 50WDG, 1.5 lb (0) Omega 500F, 20 fl oz (30) Oranil 6L, 3-4 pt (42)
pHorcepHite, 2-4 qt (0) Pristine WG, 18.5-23 oz (0) Proline 480 SC, 5.7 oz (7)
Miravis Prime, 11.4-13.4 fl oz (0)
Quadris Top, 12-14 fl oz (7)
Quash, 2.5 oz (7) Quilt Xcel, 14-21 fl oz (30)
Rendition, 1-3pt/100 gal (0) Switch 62.5WG, 11-14 oz (0)
Ziram 76DF, 3 lb Actinovate AG, 3-12 oz (0)
Cueva, 0.5-2 gal (0)
Double Nickel 55, 0.25-3 lb (0) Double Nickel LC, 0.5-6 qt (0) Oso 5%SC, 6.5 oz (0)
Serenade Max, 1-3 lb (0) |
|
Many mummy berry materials also labeled for these diseases.
Use Captevate at the highest rate (4.7 lb) for anthracnose. Captevate NOT labeled for Phomopsis.
Be aware of pre-harvest interval restrictions for Omega and Oranil.
Apply Cueva at start of flowering and every 7-10 days through bloom. Do not reapply within 7 days.
Rendition is hydrogen peroxide plus peroxyacetic acid. Apply during bloom when weather conditions favor disease development. Do not apply Ziram 76DF later than 3 weeks after full bloom.
|
|
Blueberry leaf rust
|
FRAC
3, 9
M5 3
3
3
11, 3
3
3, 11
NC
NC
|
Inspire Super, 16-20 fl oz (7)
Oranil 6L, 3-4 pt (post harvest) Orbit, Tilt, 6 oz (30)
Proline 480 SC, 5.7 oz (7)
PropiMax EC, 6 oz (30)
Quadris Top, 12-14 fl oz (7)
Quash, 2.5 oz (7)
Quilt Xcel, 14-21 fl oz (30)
JMS Stylet Oil, 3-6 qt/100 gal (0)
SuffOil-X, 1-2% by volume (0) |
Remove alternate host (Hemlock) from within 1/4 mile if possible, especially those upwind of blueberry planting.
Plant resistant cultivars such as 'Bluecrop', 'Burlington', 'Collins', 'Dixi', 'Earliblue', 'Ivanhoe', 'Stanley', or 'Weymouth' if possible.
Oranil can be used after harvest to maintain healthy foliage.
|
|
|
Powdery mildew
|
FRAC
11
3 3,9
7,9 3
3
3
3,11
11, 3
3
BM02
BM01
NC
M02 M02
BM02
NC
NC
NC
|
Abound 6-15.5 fl oz (0)
Indar 2F, 6 fl oz (30) Inspire Super, 14-20 fl oz (7)
Luna Tranquility, 16-27 oz (0)
Orbit or Tilt, 6 oz (30)
Mettle 125ME, 3-5 fl oz (0)
PropiMax EC, 6 oz (30) Quilt Xcel, 14-21 fl oz (30)
Quadris Top, 12-14 fl oz (7)
Quash, 2.5 oz (7) Actinovate AG, 3-12 oz (0)
EcoSwing, 1.5-2 pt (0)
JMS Stylet Oil, 3 qts (0) Kumulus DF, 6-15 lb (0) Microthiol Disperss, 6-15 lb (0)
Milstop SP 2.5-5 lb (0) Oxidate, 1:100 (0)
SuffOil-X, 1-2% by volume (0)
Trilogy, 1% solution (0)
|
Prune for good drying conditions.
Plant resistant cultivars when possible. Do not use sulfur products and oil products within 2 weeks of each other.
EcoSwing - se minimum of 10gal of water/A for ground applications. See label for additional application methods. 4hr REI
Do not apply more than 20 fl oz/A per year of Mettle 125ME. See label for additional details.
Oxidate: 1:200-1:400 preventative or 1:100 curative. See label for application method details.
|
|
| Petal Fall (remove honey bees before spraying) | ||||
|
Cranberry fruitworm
Cherry fruitworm
|
IRAC
28
3
4A
22A
3A
18
3
5
11 11 5 7C
28
UN 3,4A 1B
18
1A
1B
UN
15
1A
UN
28
|
Altacor, 3.0-4.5 oz (1)
*Asana XL, 4.8-9.6 0z (14) Assail 30 SG, 4.5-5.3 oz (1) Avaunt, 3.5-6 oz, (7) *Brigade WSB, 5.3-16 oz (1) Confirm 2F, 16 oz (14) *Danitol 2.4E, 10.6-16 (3) Delegate WG, 3-6 oz (3) Deliver, 0.25-2 lbs (0) DiPel DF, 0.5-2 lb (0) Entrust SC, 4-6 oz (3) Esteem 0.86EC, 16 oz (7) Exirel, 10-13.5 fl oz (3)
Grandevo WDG, 1-3 lb (0) *Hero, 6.4-10.3 oz (1) Imidan 70W, 1 1/3 lb (3) Intrepid 2F, 10-16 oz (7) *Lannate SP, 0.5 - 1 lb (3) Malathion 57E, 1.6 pt (1) Molt-X, 8 oz (0) Rimon 0.83EC, 20-30 oz (8) Sevin XLR Plus, 1.5-2 qts (7) Venerate XC,1-2 qt (0) Verdepryn 100SL, 8.2-11 fl. oz. (1)
|
Disking between rows and raking and hoeing under plants is helpful for fruitworm management.
In small plantings remove and destroy infested fruit (which can be identified because it turns prematurely blue)
|
Fruitworms are active for about five weeks and they cannot be controlled with only one post-pollination spray.
DiPel is a bacterial biological insecticide containing Bacillus thuringiensis and must be ingested to be effective. Apply when newly hatched larvae (1st or 2nd instar) begin feeding. Larvae cease feeding in hours and die in 2-5 days.
|
|
White grubs
|
IRAC
4A
N/A
|
Admire Pro, 7-14 oz soil (7)
NemaShield HB, 1 billion nematodes (0)
|
Apply Admire Pro through low pressure irrigation or as a band treatment followed by rainfall or irrigation. Do not exceed 0.5 lb active ingredient per acre per year. The most effective timing is between June 1 and July 15.
When applying nematodes, water after application and keep soil moist two weeks after application.
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
Aphid
|
IRAC
4A
4A
3A, UN
3A
15,4A
UN
28
UN 3,4A 3
23
UN 4A 23,7C 4D
UN UN
|
Actara, 3-4 oz (3)
Assail 30SG, 2.5-5.3 oz (1)
Azera, 1-3.5 pt (0) *Brigade WSB, 5.3-16 oz (1) Cormoran, 20 oz (8)
Des-X, 2% sol. (0)
Exirel, 13.5-20.5 fl oz (3) Grandevo WDG, 2-3 lb (0) *Hero, 4-10.3 oz (1) Molt-X, 8-10 oz (0)
Movento 2SC, 8-10 oz (7)
M-Pede, 1-2% sol. (0) Neemix, .25-1 pt (0) Platinum 75SG, 1.66-4.01 fl oz (75) Senstar, 16-20 fl oz (7) Sivanto Prime 200SL, 7-14 fl oz (3)
SuffOil-X, 1-2% (0) Trilogy, 1-2% sol (0) Venerate XC, 2-4 qt (0)
|
|
Aphids can vector the phytoplasma that causes Blueberry Scorch disease and so should be controlled in blueberry plantings.
Mix penetrating adjuvant with Movento.
Venerate for aphid suppression only.
|
|
Anthracnose
|
|
Same as early-mid bloom
|
|
|
|
Powdery mildew
|
|
Same as early-mid bloom
|
|
|
| First cover (about 10 days after Petal Fall; some berries begin to color) | ||||
|
Cranberry fruitworm
Cherry fruitworm
|
|
Same as petal fall
|
|
Apply 7 to 12 days after petal fall
|
|
Blueberry maggot
|
IRAC
3
4A
UN 3A
15,4A 3
5
28
5 UN
3,4A 1B
1A
1B
UN
23
15
1A
4D
3A
28
|
*Asana XL, 9.6 oz (14)
Assail 30 SG, 4.5-5.3 oz (1) Aza-Direct, 1-3.5 pts (0) *Brigade WSB, 5.3-16 oz (1) Cormoran, 20 oz (1) *Danitol 2.4EC, 10.6 oz (3) Delegate 25WG, 3-6 oz (3)
Exirel, 13.5-20.5 oz (3)
GF-120 Naturalyte Bait, 10-20 oz (0) Grandevo WDG, 2-3 lb (0)
*Hero 6.4-10.3 oz (1) Imidan 70 W, 1 1/3 lb (3) *Lannate SP, 0.25-0.5 lb (3) Malathion 5EC, 1 pt (1) Molt-X, 8-10 oz (0)
Movento, 10 oz (7)
Rimon 0.83EC, 20-30 of (8)
Sevin XLR Plus, 1.5-2 pt (7) Sivanto Prime, 12-14 fl oz (3)
Surround WP, 25-50 lb (0) suppression Tersus, 4.5-16.35 fl (0) Verdepryn 100SL, 8.2-11 fl. oz. (1)
|
Use sticky traps (red/green spheres or yellow rectangles; See source listing in appendix) to monitor population and activity.
Apply insecticide 7-10 days after first trap catch.
Check traps twice each week.
|
Apply sprays when berries begin to turn blue or when flies begin to lay eggs, usually late June. Repeat every 10 days through harvest.
Be aware of pre-harvest intervals and other restrictions with repeated sprays.
Malathion should be used with 1.5 qt Staley’s Sauce Base No. 7 (NuLure).
Mix penetrating adjuvant with Movento.
Delegate for blueberry maggot suppression.
GF-120 Naturalyte Bait contains sugar as an insect attractant, in order to increase efficacy of the active ingredient.
|
|
Brown marmorated stink bug
(BMSB)
|
IRAC
3A, UN
1A
|
Azera, 1-3.5 pt (0)
*Lannate 90, 0.5 - 1 lb (3) |
|
As of 2023, brown marmorated stink bugs have been found in all New England states but have not been reported as a problem in blueberry production.
|
|
Aphids
|
|
Same as petal fall
|
|
|
|
Anthracnose
|
|
Same as petal fall
|
|
|
|
Powdery mildew
|
|
Same as petal fall
|
|
|
|
Spotted wing Drosophila
(SWD)
|
IRAC
4A
3
15,4A
3
5
5 28
UN 3A 1B
1A
3
3A 15
28
|
Assail 30 SG 5.3 oz (1)
*Bifenture 10DF, 5.3-16.0 oz (1) Cormoran, 20 oz (8)
*Danitol 2.4EC, 10.6-16 oz (3) Delegate WG, 6 oz (3) Entrust SC, 4-6 oz (3) Exirel, 13.5-20.5 (3)
Grandevo WDG, 2-3 lb (0) *Hero, 4-10.3 oz (1) Imidan 70 W, 1 1/3 lb (3) *Lannate SP, 0.5 - 1 lb (3) *Mustang Maxx, 4.0 oz (1) Pyganic 1.4EC, 16-64 oz (0) Rimon 0.83EC, 20-30 oz (8)
Verdepryn 100SL, 8.2-11 fl. oz. (1)
|
Use traps baited with apple cider vinegar plus ethanol alcohol (90% apple cider vinegar plus 10% ethanol) and/or fermenting yeast to monitor population.
|
Spray once SWD adults are captured and fruit begins to turn color.
Grandevo for SWD suppression only.
When using Rimon, tank mix with an adulticide to control adult SWD
|
| Second and additional covers (10 days from previous cover, repeat as needed) | ||||
| Blueberry maggot | Same as first cover above | See comments above for Blueberry maggot | ||
| Brown marmorated stink bug | Same as first cover above | |||
|
Japanese beetle and other scarab beetles
|
IRAC
4A
4A
28
3
4A
UN 3
3A 1B
UN
N/A
4A
1A
3A
28
|
Actara, 3-4 oz (3)
Admire Pro, 2.1-2.8 oz (3) Altacor, 3-4.5 oz (1)
*Asana XL, 4.8-9.6 oz (14) Assail 30 SG, 4.5-5.3 oz (1)
Aza-Direct, 1-3.5 pts (0) *Danitol 2.4EC, 10.6 oz (3) *Hero, 6.4-10.3 oz (1) Imidan 70W, 1.3 lbs (3) Molt-X, 8-10 oz (0)
NemaShield HB, 1 billion nematodes (0)
Platinum 75SG, 1.66-4.01 oz (75)
Sevin XLR Plus, 1-2 qt (7) Surround WP, 25-50 lb (0) Tersus, 4.5-16.35 fl (0)
Verdepryn 100SL, 8.2-11 fl. oz. (1)
|
Traps are not recommended as they tend to draw more beetles to the area than they remove.
Bushes can withstand significant feeding injury without yield impact but fruit contamination with feces may be unacceptable, especially for packout.
|
Admire Pro rate is for foliar applied; see label for soil applied rate.
The use of Sevin may result in the build up of aphids due to the elimination of natural predators.
Surround labeled for suppression only.
Aza-Direct acts as a feeding repellent and requires frequent reapplication.
When applying nematodes, water after application and keep soil moist two weeks after application.
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
Anthracnose
|
|
Same as First Cover above
|
|
See Captan comments in Petal Fall Section.
|
|
Powdery mildew
|
|
Same as First Cover above
|
|
|
|
Spotted wing Drosophila
|
|
Same as First Cover above
|
|
|
| Post-harvest | ||||
|
Sharp-nosed leafhopper
|
IRAC
4A
3
3A
3A
3A 1A
1B
1A
|
Actara, 3-4 oz (3)
*Asana XL, 4.8-9.6 oz (14) *Bifenture 10DF, 5.3-16.0 oz (1) *Brigade WSB, 5.3-16 oz (1) *Hero, 4-10.3 oz (1) *Lannate SP, 0.5 pt (3) Malathion 57EC, 2 pt (1) Sevin XLR Plus, 1-2 qt (7) |
Rogue out plants affected with blueberry stunt.
Monitor insects with yellow sticky traps and control when found.
|
Each of these sprays will control sharp-nosed leafhopper, the only known carrier of the blueberry stunt mycoplasma.
|
|
Powdery mildew
|
|
Same as Second Cover above
|
Plant resistant cultivars when possible.
Plant and prune for good air circulation and drying conditions.
Do not use sulfur products and oil products within 2 weeks of each other.
|
|
|
Phomopsis twig blight
|
FRAC
M02
|
Miller Lime Sulfur, 5-6 gal/100-150gal (0)
|
|
Apply in late October or when 2/3 of leaves drop on Weymouth and Berkeley.
|
| †Where brand names for chemicals are used, it is for the reader’s information. No endorsement is implied, nor is discrimination intended against products with similar ingredients. Please consult pesticide product labels for rates, application instructions and safety precautions. Users of these products assume all associated risks. RAC=Resistance Action Committee group for resistance management. Fungicides=FRAC, Insecticides=IRAC *Restricted use pesticide; pesticide applicators license required. OMRI listed for organic production. (UN) unknown mode of action. For resistance management do not make more than 2 sequential applications of fungicides in the same FRAC group or insecticides in the same IRAC group. See product labels or RAC column in this table for groups. |
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